WEBVTT

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Hello and happy Friday. We have made it

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to the best day of the week. I'm Koi

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Wire. This is CNN 10, your 10 minutes of

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news where I simply tell you the what,

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letting you decide what to think. We are

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finishing this week strong, starting

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with the latest on Israel and the United

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States war with Iran. Tomorrow marks one

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week since the war began. The

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fast-moving conflict has widened

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throughout the Middle East, and its

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impact is being felt around the world.

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This is just the latest escalation in a

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long complex history involving Iran, the

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US, and Israel. Tensions have been

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growing for decades over issues like

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control of Iran's oil, the country's

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desire for a nuclear program, and the

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fight for political influence throughout

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the Middle East. Let's begin. In 1951,

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Iran elected Prime Minister Muhammad

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Mosad, who pushed to nationalize the

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country's oil fields or bring them back

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under control from the British

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government. The move, while popular in

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Iran, worried some Western governments

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who saw it as a potential win for the

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Soviet Union at the height of the Cold

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War. In 1953, Mosad was removed from

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power as part of a US-backed coup that

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overthrew Iran's democratic government.

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He was replaced by US supported Iranian

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monarch Muhammad Raza Palabi who then

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ruled the country as the sha or king for

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more than two decades. The sha remained

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a close ally of the US but many Iranians

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resented the foreign interference

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fueling an anti-American sentiment in

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the country. During this period the US

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helped Iran begin building out a civil

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nuclear energy program. The capital city

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of Tehran looked much different than it

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does today. Women were not required to

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dress modestly. The influence of Western

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culture was prevalent and Iranian

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universities flourished. Then in 1979,

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everything changed with the Iranian

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revolution. Millions of Iranians took to

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the streets to protest the Sha's regime,

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which they viewed as corrupt and

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illegitimate. Secular protesters opposed

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his authoritarianism, while Islamist

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protesters opposed his modernization

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agenda.

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The sha was forced to flee the country

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and Iran transformed from a

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westernbacked monarchy to an Islamic

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republic. That's a form of government in

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which religious leaders hold majority

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political power. This new government was

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led by Supreme Leader Ayatollah Raola

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Kmeni, an Islamic scholar who'd been

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exiled during the Sha's reign. He served

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until his death in 1989. He was

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succeeded by the nation's most recent

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Supreme Leader Ali Kamani who was killed

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last week in the US-Israeli military

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strikes in Thran. The Iranian revolution

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marked a stark shift in Iranian

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relations with both the US and Israel.

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It was marked by events like the Iran

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hostage crisis when dozens of American

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citizens were held hostage in Thran for

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444 days. And in the five decades since,

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tensions between these countries have

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continued to grow. From every corner of

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the world, nations and people have

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voiced their strong revulsion and

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condemnation of Iran and have joined us

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in calling for the release of the

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hostages.

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>> Iran's current government does not

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recognize the state of Israel. And

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Israel has long accused Iran of using

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their nuclear energy program to develop

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nuclear weapons. There's no indication

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Iran currently has developed any, though

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the country has built a stockpile of

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enriched uranium, a precursor to

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building nuclear weapons. In 2015, Iran

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reached a landmark deal with the US and

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five other world powers to scale back

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its nuclear program in exchange for the

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lifting of sanctions or economic

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penalties. President Donald Trump

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withdrew the US from that deal during

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his first term in 2018. And in June of

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2025, the US struck a series of key

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Iranian nuclear facilities with the goal

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of destroying Iran's nuclear program.

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Earlier this year, Iran was rocked by

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unrest as anti-government protests

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unfolded across the nation. The

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government's brutal crackdown resulted

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in the deaths of thousands of

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protesters. This brings us to the

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present. Less than a week ago, the

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United States and Israel launched a

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joint military attack across Iran,

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calling them preemptive attacks. Key

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leaders throughout Iran's government

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were killed and Iran has retaliated with

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strikes throughout the Middle East.

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Pop quiz shot. Which two US states do

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not observe daylight saving time?

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California, Nevada, Texas and Oklahoma,

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Hawaii and Arizona, or Alaska and

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Arizona?

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It's your time to shine if you said

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Hawaii and Arizona. Most of Arizona

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stays on standard time all year except

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for the Navajo Nation lands which

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stretch across multiple states. The

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tribal government chose to adopt

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daylight savings so the entire

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reservation stays on the same time. All

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right, get ready to spring forward, set

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those clocks ahead, and yes, sadly lose

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an hour of sleep. Sunday marks the

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beginning of daylight saving time. At 2

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a.m., clocks across much of the US and

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other countries will spring forward an

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hour and stay that way until November.

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That means one less hour of sleep for

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many of us. So why do we have daylight

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saving? The tradition has its roots in

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train schedules put into practice by the

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US and Europe during World War I to save

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fuel and power. The twice a year system

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we're most familiar with came about in

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1966 when Congress passed the Uniform

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Time Act, establishing a nationwide

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system. If you're not a fan, you are not

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alone. Some studies show the 1-hour

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change can disrupt body rhythms tuned to

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the Earth's rotation. Some lawmakers

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have listened to their constituents

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complaints. 19 states have passed

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legislation to make DST permanent. It

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can't take effect though unless Congress

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changes the federal law.

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This Women's History Month, we have been

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highlighting some of the groundbreaking

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women of our time. Today, we are

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learning about someone whose work

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quietly shaped the internet. Karen Spark

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Jones helped invent the technology that

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makes modern search engines possible.

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Most early computer scientists were

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trying to convince users to use code to

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make computers do what they wanted. But

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Spark Jones was the first person to

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teach computers to understand human

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language instead. The self-taught

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British computer scientist spent decades

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studying how machines understand

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language, a field known as natural

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language processing. In the 1970s, she

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developed a method called inverse

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document frequency. The idea was simple.

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Figure out which words in a document

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were actually important. Common words

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like the or and don't tell a computer

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much, but specific words help narrow

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down exactly what someone is searching

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for. The technology is essentially using

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language in a very uh limited kind of

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way. It uses so-called extracted terms.

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That's to say, we use single terms or

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pairs of words defined just by proximity

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in a text or by constant co-occurrence

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over a text. That says something that

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there is some kind of relationship

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between them. We don't know what it is,

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but with any luck, it'll be useful to

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us. Her discovery became a key part of

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the technology behind modern search

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engines like Google. So, when you type a

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question into a search bar and instantly

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get results, you are seeing Karen Spark

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Jones work in action. In honor of

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ReadAcross America week, we are

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highlighting some of your favorite books

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and books you are reading right now.

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Maria Sanchez at St. Anthony School in

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Zouri, New Mexico says her favorite book

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of all time is The Outsiders by SE

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Hinton. Mariah writes, "This book makes

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me happy in ways I didn't know were

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possible. The story line as well as the

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characters are written very well and

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tells a tale that will never get old.

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Awesome stuff. Thank you for sharing

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your reading list with us. I've got a

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shout out today to some Arerodite

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viewers who caught something I said this

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week that was technically incorrect

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talking about the J-Tech invention that

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converts heat into electricity. I said

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it creates energy when in actuality I

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should have said it converts the heat

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energy because according to the first

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law of thermodynamics, energy cannot be

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created or destroyed. It can only be

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transferred or converted from one form

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to another. So, shout out to Mrs. P's

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science class at Lennox Middle School in

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Lennox, California. Thank you for

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keeping us on point like decimals. Play

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that Friday music nod there. Go out,

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make yourself a wonderful weekend. Make

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someone smile. You never know when or

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how or who, but you may be the light

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someone needs. I'm Ky Wire. This is CNN

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10. It's been a blessing to spend this

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week with you.

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Heat.

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Heat.

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Heat up

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here.

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Yeah.

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Heat.